The intertidal zone is the area between high and low tides. The benthic zone consists of substrates below water where many invertebrates live. The oceanic zone is the vast open part of the ocean where animals such as whales, sharks, and tuna live. Marine ecosystems can be divided into many zones depending upon water depth and shoreline features. Actual salinity varies among different marine ecosystems. Seawater has an average salinity of 35 parts per thousand of water. Marine waters cover more than 70% of the surface of the Earth and account for more than 97% of Earth's water supply and 90% of habitable space on Earth. These systems contrast with freshwater ecosystems, which have a lower salt content. Coral reefs form complex marine ecosystems with tremendous biodiversity Marine ecosystems are the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems and exist in waters that have a high salt content.
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