We introduce the sequencing techniques and challenges of cfDNA detection, analysis, and clinical applications, and discuss future research directions.Īlthough tissue biopsy is the most widely used method for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, there are many shortcomings. In this publication, we aim to review the latest perspectives of cfDNA liquid biopsy clinical significance and application in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Moreover, the development of next-generation sequencing technology makes cfDNA sequencing more sensitive than a tissue biopsy, with higher clinical applicability and wider application. Therefore, a cfDNA liquid biopsy is less invasive and comprehensive.
Compared with a tissue biopsy of traditional cancer diagnosis, in assessing tumor heterogeneity, a liquid biopsy is more reliable because all tumor sites release cfDNA into the blood. Among these cancer biomarkers, plasma cfDNA is the most widely used in clinical practice. A liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive or non-invasive method to analyze a range of tumor material in blood or other body fluids, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and exosomes, which is a very promising technology.
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